Have you ever wondered what patterns govern the development, rise, and decline of civilizations? Long before the great historians of the 19th century, a Neapolitan thinker ventured a radically new answer. In his monumental work New Science Giambattista Vico outlines a universal history of humanity that is characterized not by linear progress, but by eternal cycles. A book that forever changes our view of history.
New Science
Giambattista Vico (1668–1744)
First edition: 1725
What is it about?
In the New Science It concerns nothing less than a universal history of humanity. Giambattista Vico puts forward the radical thesis that all nations undergo a similar development, which he describes as an eternal cycle of rise and fall („corso e ricorso“). He divides this development into three ages: the Age of the Gods, characterized by superstition and poetic imagination; the Age of Heroes, with its aristocratic virtues; and finally, the Age of Man, governed by reason and democratic laws. Vico argues that we can understand history because we ourselves have made it. By using myths, language, and law as keys to understanding past societies, he creates an entirely new „science“ of humanity.
About the author
Giambattista Vico (1668–1744) was a philosopher, historian, and jurist from Naples who is considered one of the most original thinkers of the European Enlightenment. As a professor of rhetoric at the University of Naples, he led a life far removed from great academic fame and was often plagued by financial worries. His groundbreaking ideas in the New Science were scarcely understood during his lifetime and did not receive the recognition they deserved until the 19th century, thanks to thinkers such as Jules Michelet, and later in the 20th century, thanks to intellectuals such as James Joyce. Today, Vico is regarded as one of the fathers of modern philosophy of history and cultural anthropology.
Style & Language
Who the New Science Anyone who picks up this book will not find it an easy read. Vico’s style is monumental, dense, and often aphoristic; his sentences are complex and full of scholarly allusions. He does not develop his ideas linearly, but rather in concentric circles that stylistically reflect his central thesis of „corso e ricorso.“ Yet anyone who immerses themselves in this demanding prose will be rewarded with a linguistic force and visionary power that are unparalleled.
Why read?
This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the big questions of history and human existence. Vico’s cyclical understanding of history offers a fascinating alternative to the often naïve idea of constant progress and seems more relevant today than ever. The „Italianità“ of this work lies in its deep roots in the classical tradition and its magnificent, synthetic vision that unites philosophy, poetry, and law. It is an intellectual adventure that broadens one’s horizons and inspires reflection on the patterns of our own time.
Reading tip
To get started with this complex masterpiece, we recommend the excellent German translation by Vittorio Hösle and Christoph Jermann, published by Felix Meiner Verlag. Since the work is challenging, reading an introduction to Vico’s thought alongside it can be very helpful in grasping the full depth of his revolutionary ideas.
In our weekly column Italian book of the week the editorial team of Italien News presents selected works of Italian literature - classics, insider tips and modern voices. Immerse yourself in stories that reflect the heart and spirit of Italy. Perfect for your next vacation, a quiet reading session or simply for daydreaming. Buona lettura!
